Volume 13 10.2 .September, 2020 = Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology (JAIST) ISSN: 22141 - 1913 13 (1) April, 2020 Published by Information Technology Application Group University of Nigeria, Nsukka. ©All rights reserved, 2020 Information Technology Application Group No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written of the publisher. Website: www.jaistonline.org Indexed by Google Scholar EDITORIAL BOARD Editor- in- Chief ProJ. Charles O.OmekwlI (Ph.D) Department of Library and Information Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. Editorial Advisers Dr. David RaW Former Senior Technology Transfer Officer European Space Agency The Netherlands & Editor, The Electronic Library ProJ. Epiphany Azinge (SAN) Former Director General Nigeria Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of Lagos Campus. Akoka, Lagos Nigeria. Modiu I Sanni Petroleum Engineer Reservoir Engineering Technology Team, ELPE Technology Department. Saudi Arabia Oil Company Abraham Azubuike Librarian United Nations Organization New York Dr. Oluwatoyin Popoo/a Collage of Automation Harbin Engineering University China Dr Femi. Ojelabi Director of Academic Planning University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria. Prof. Sunday Reju (Ph.D) Department of Mathematics and Statistics The Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek, Namibia Prof. Jire Fagbola (Ph.D) Faculty of Agriculture University of Ibadan, Ibadan Quality ControIIReview Editors C. I. Ugwu (Ph.D) Phoebe Chika Madumere (Ph. D) Library Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria James Afe Aiyegbelehin (Ph.D) Department of Library and Information Science Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria Typesetting/Design Specialist James A.Ozoagu Library Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. EDITORIAL It was surprising that a web search on the title, Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology (JAIST) yielded no specific result bearing the same title and a search by the National Library of Nigeria also indicated that starting JAIST will not in practice be a duplication of title. These searches further reinforced the resolve to go ahead with this journal. The vision is to provide a platform for Scholars Researchers and Professionals to publish scholarly works on Information, Science and Technology .While studies in Information science will provide both theoretical and practical frameworks for understanding the information phenomenon, the applied information technology perspective is aimed at discussing how ICT tools and technology affect the way we live and do things. The mission of JAIST is therefore aimed at providing a forum for scholars, researchers and professionals to showcase studies on information technology applications across all disciplines .JAIST's latitude of discussion will therefore be multidisciplinary and global. Therefore, scholars from the medical, physical and biological sciences are welcome to make contributions on how ICT is redefining and impacting their wok culture and experience. Papers are also welcome from the disciplines of arts, social sciences, engineering, computer technology, law, education, library and information science and the specific practice profession of ICT. The values that JAIST will uphold includes excellence, professionalism, high scholarship and robust discussion of issues and a demonstrable mastery of the topic(s).Topics discussed in their research and development context will be given priority. Therefore while complex statistical analyses are welcome, statistical data must be explained in their developmental contexts. They must be applicable to practical issues, experiences, societal impacts and policy formulation and programme execution. Contributions that are anchored on lessons of experience are particularly welcome. The journal will promote scholarly communication and papers submitted to it will be peer-reviewed .The Editor-in-chief is not under any obligation to accept any paper or give explanation why a paper is rejected. Corrections suggested by peer-reviewers will, however, be brought to the attention of ontributors. Our goal as a premier Journal of Applied Information Science is to be world-class and international while ocusing on the challenges ofICT application to developing economies . . is the rare privilege and pleasure of the Editor-in-Chiefto welcome you to the world of JAIST. ii • Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology Published by Information Technology Application Group (ITAG)International Editor-ill-Chief Prof. Charles O.Omekwu Dept of LIbrary & Information Science University of Nigeria. Nsukka ISS:'\. 22141-1'I1J Editorial Advisers Dr.\Oa\id Ruitt, Senior Technology Transfer Officer European Space Agency The Netherlands & Editor. The Elecl runic Library Pruf, Ephiph:'" Azin~r (SA:") Nigeria Institute of Advanced Legal Studies University of Lagos Campus Akoka Lagos 'tudiu I Sanni Petroleum Engineer Reservoir Engineering Technology Team ELPE Technology Department Saudi Arabia Oil Company .vbraham vzubuike Chief Librarian Economic Commission of Africa Addis Ababa. Ethiopia Dr. I.. x, lkpuahindi National Librarian (formerly) National Library of Nigeria P. Oh", ato) in Collage of Automation Harbin Engineering University China F.Ojdabi Director of Academic Planning University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Pruf', SundllY Rcju (1'11.1» National Open University of Nigeria Lagos Nigeria .Iirc Fagbola (Ph.D) Faculty of Agriculture University of Ibadan, Ibadan A"ociatc Friitor \1. O. Okll)(' (Ph. 0) Library Department University of Nigeria, Nsukka Quality Corurnl Editor C. I. Lg'HI Library Department University of Nigeria Nsukka Type,cltillg Spcclalist OLoagu Jmues A. University of Nigeria Nsukka (i) JAIST Status and Institutional Affiliation: is a publication of the Information Technology Application Group, one of the research groups of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Vision: The vision is to provide a platform for scholars, researchers and professionals to publish scholarly works on Information Science and Technology .While studies in Information Science will provide theoretical framework for understanding the information phenomenon the applied information technology perspective is aimed at discussing how ICT tools and technology affect the way we live and do things. Mission: JAIST aims at providing a forum for scholars. researchers and professionals to showcase studies on information technology application across all disciplines. JAIST's latitude of discourse will therefore be multidisciplinary and global. Moreover, scholars from the rnedicals, physical, and biological sciences are welcome to contribute on how lCT is redefining and impacting their wok culture and experience. Papers are also welcome from the disciplines of arts, social sciences, engineering, computer technology, law, education, library, etc. Core Values: JAIST upholds excellence, professionalism, high scholarship and robust discussion of issues and a demonstrable mastery of the topic(s).Topics discussed in their research and development context will be given priority. Therefore while complex statistical analyses are welcome, these figures must be explained in their developmental contexts. They must be applicable to practical issues, experiences, societal impacts and policy formulation and programme execution. Contributions that are anchored on lessons of experience are particularly welcome. Peer review mechanism: The journal promotes scholarly communication and papers submitted to it are subjected to blind peer-review process .The Editor-in- chief is not under any obligation to accept any paper or give explanation why a paper is rejected .Corrections suggested by peer-reviewers will however be brought to the attention of contributors Editorial Board: The Editorial Board is composed to reflect the global and multi-disciplinary perspectives of the journal and is made up of scholars, researchers and practitioners. Please refer to the left corner of this letter for the composition of the Editorial Board. (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) ISSN: The National Library of Nigeria assigned International Serial Number for JAIST is: 22141-1913 (' --=!i-nA AD to ~- ~ ~ ---....•...•--~ Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D) Editor-ill-Chief I I 111 NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS Aim Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology aims at providing a forum for discussing current development in the discipline of information science and the emerging information technological tools and systems. The discussion of issues is expected to highlight their policy relevance and make recommendations aimed at empowering policy formulation and implementation. Authors should reflect a global view that suit the international community. Approach The introduction to each paper should be very incisive. The thesis in the introduction is expected to indicate the extent the author intends to cover with clear outline or divisions. Issues should not only be highlighted but discussed very analytically. In other words, authors should not only highlight the views of others authorities from the literature but their own analysis of those views. Literature Analysis Authors are expected to demonstrate a deep consultation of broad literature sources, books, and book chapters, journals, encyclopedia, conferences and workshops. Length of paper Font size Font Style Abstract . [ode of Submission = Up to 7,500 words = 12 points = Times New Roman = 150-250 words Page Setup Reference Style reference style is the American Psychological Association (AP A) and the following examples are _ ilable at www.liu.edu/cwls/cwp/library/workshop/citapa.htm: J urnal or Magazine Article (use for journals that start each issue withpage one) ·1 ox, R. V. (1991). Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star trek: The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65. mal or Magazine Article (use for journals where the page numbering continues from issue to issue) k, L. (1990). Science fiction aids science teaching. Physics Teacher, 28, 316-318. = Electronically to omekwucharles@gmail.com, or omekwucharles@yahoo.com = 1 inch margin top, bottom, left, right. spaper Article 0, A. (1995, March 15). Trekking through college: Classes explore modern ociety using the world of Star trek. Los Angeles Times, p. A3. from an Internet Database (for more details, see the American Psychological Association's site) .. ershon, D. H. (1998, November-December). Star trek on the brain: Alien minds, human minds. American Scientist, 86, 585. Retrieved July 29, 1999, from Expanded Academic ASAP database. iv Book Okuda, M., & Okuda, D. (1993). Star trek chronology: The history oJ the Juture. New York: Pocket Books. Book Article or Chapter lames, N. E. (1988). Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic (pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood. Encyclopedia Article Sturgeon, T. (1995). Science fiction. In The encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier. ERIC Document Fuss-Reineck, M. (1993). Sibling communication in Star trek: The next generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 364932) Website (for more details, see the American Psychological Association's official site) Lynch, T. (1996). DS9 trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved October 8, 1997, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club Web site: http://www.bradley.edu/campusorglpsiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html Contact: Editor-ill-Chief Dr. Charles O. Omekwu (Ph.D) University of Nigeria, Nsukka Email: omekwucharles@gmail.com.oromekwucharles@yahoo.com +234 (0) 803 6700 869, +234 (0) 805 5178 093 TABLE OF CONTENTS Restructuring Library and Information Science Research as a Practical Approach for National Development in Nigeria Abdulganiy O. Ahmed, (Ph.Oi, Kamal T.Omopupa, (Ph.D/, & Shehu O. tsboto' - 1-10 Information Needs and Utilisation for Socio-Economic Development by the Inhabitants of Nyanya Satellite Town, FCT,Abuja Veronica Alimaka etu', Prof. Zakari Mohammecf & Aliyu Abdulkadir (Phd/ 11-19 Effects of Perception of Collaborative Technologies on Knowledge Creation and Socialisation Among Psychiatric Nurses in Southwest Nigeria Oluyemi Folorunso Ayanbode1 & Williams Ezinwa Nwagwu2 20-31 Library And Information Science Education: Graduate and Employability in the za'' Century Felix, Usman Manjack CLN1 , Hakeemat S. Bello CLN2, Usman Saidu3 32-37 Survey of Information Needs of the Local Miners in the Lead Poison Affected Areas of Anka and Maru Local Government Areas Of Zamfara State, Nigeria Aminu Muharnmad'', Mukhtar Ibrahim Furfuri2• Haruna a. Maru (CLN)3& Isiaka Chika (CLN) 4 38-46 Public Libraries and Preservation and Conservation of Indigenous Knowledge Nihungu Ahaz iinus', Victoria Yemi Fagbem/ & Patience Ngunan kersha3 47-56 Integrating Home and School Literacy Studies to Improve English Language Instruction in Schools in Enugu State Eucharia Nkechi Ezemo', Goodluck C. Kadir/, Chibuzor Livina Dim3 57-66 Impact of Mobile Technology on Libraries Eniekebi Regina Ejiroghene 58-78 The Nexus between Information Seeking Behaviour and Library Information Resources Among Nigerian Law School Students, Lagos Campus Shehu Mohammed', Bana oorcaso', & Aderonke Okeowo3 79-92 Information and Communication Technology Facilities for Use by Library and Information Science Educators in University Libraries in Abia State, Nigeria Olusola oiowokere', Yahaya Aliyu Ismaila2&Abdullahi Maito Rasaq3 93-101 Stakeholders Awareness and Willingness to Submit Scholarly Works to Institutional Repository Towards Research Visibility: a Case of University of Lagos Olatokunbo c. Okiki 1, Onyinye A Osedo 2 & Blessing Okpah 3 - 94-111 Self-Knowledge as Correlate of Leadership Effectiveness of Librarian's in Universities in South-West, Nigeria Daniel Olusegun lkequne' & Samuel Olabode Fabunm/ 112-124 Information Technology and Libraries: Prospects for the zr" Century Information Services Glory Edet', Millie N. norsjatt', & c. M. Jegbefume3 125-133 Information Needs and Use of Information Environment of Private Secondary Schools Students in Ikeja, Lagos, igeria Samuel a. oyeooaae', kolawole a. Aramide2 & thomas a. Ogunmodede3 134-144 ;: hancing Students' Learning and Engagement Through Gamification: A Report on the Adoption of dustrial Games (Igames) at Fupre turday U. Omeluzor, (Ph.D/ & E,ngr. Paul Ugo;/" - 145-154 'gltal lnclusion and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges Er=monuet Sambo Mammanuel 155-161 ence of Marketing Strategies on Sale of Periodical Publications by the Periodical Street Vendors Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria '::;~ 'lachirai Goro', Zakari Mobommed', Habibu Mohammed' & Murtala Aliyu4 - 162-171 -_ ception of ICT Use in Teaching and Learning of Music in Selected Secondary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria :~ -day Olufemi Akande 172-177 -- isition and Organization of Manuscripts in the National Archives, Enugu State Nigeria =.:: e Wilson kilka-Mbo', Enweremadu Isaac Usuka2 & Mohammed Shehu3 179-188 : ess Management as Correlates of Contextual Performance of Librarians _ eremadu Isaac Usuka, (CLN),l Victor N. Nwochukwu, (Professor),2 Mohammed Shehu 3. & uoabuchi Enwerem Evelyn (CLNt - 189-199 Cataloguing and Classification Education and the Use of Library Catalogue by Library and Information Science Undergraduates at Delta State University, Abraka Basil Enemute Iwhiwhu, (Ph.D, CLN, MSNA) - 196-207 Influence of Leadership Styles on Job Performance of Librarians in Public University Libraries in Imo State Undo Ijeoma Uwandu 208-216 Stepping up Information Literacy Programmes by the Library and Information Science (LIS) Educators for Entrepreneurship and Employability Ify Evangel ou'. Grace U. onyebucnt', Victoria y. Faqbemt' & Evangeline U. Nwankwo4 - 218-226 Education and Practice of Academic Librarianship in Nigeria Adetolo AAkanbiemu 227-234 The Special Library as a Repository of Knowledge: Challenges and Prospects Evelyn Iroabuchi Enwerem', Magaji Agu Envuluanza', & Enweremadu lsaac Usuka3 235-241 e Library as a Means to an End and not an End in Itself Adeyinka Habdulhakeem Oshilalu! & Helen Duosakeh Appah2 - 243-248 Perceptions of Master of Library and Information Science (M LIS) Students about Knowledge Management: The Case of the Department of Library and Information Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Bappah Magaji Abubakar', Musa Abdu Auyo2 & Abdulkadir Kado3 249-260 Utilization of Fiction Literature in Teaching and Learning in Primary Schools: A Case Study of Two Primary Schools in Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria Margaret. N. Ngwuchukwu (ph.d/ & Shir Ushahemba2 261-270 A Comparative Study of Library Resources and Services in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State Sorah N. Iheogwam 271-280 Librarians' ICT Awareness as Correlates of Utilization of ICT Based Library Consortium in University Libraries in North Central Nigeria A. M. Robiu 281-289 Utilization of Health Information Resources for Clinical Decision- Making Process Among Medical Doctors in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitallle-Ife, Nigeria Moyosore O. Adegboye 290-302 Digital Literacy Skills and Use of Library Information Resources by Nigeria Law School Students, Lagos Campus Shehu Mohammed', Hussaini Ali', & Abubakar Abdullahi Mohammed3 - 303-315 Library Databank as a Panacea for E-Iearning and Research Output among Bingham University Academic Staff: A Case of Covid-19 Lockdown Danjuma Onu Ajibili, (Ph.D/ & Jane Aba, (Ph.D/ 316-323 Status of Institutional Repositories in Federal and State Tertiary Institutions in Imo State, Nigeria Ogechi tneanacno-Ketectii' and Angelina C. Uche (Ph.D/ 323-332 Planning and Administrative Methods Adopted by Academic Library Heads of Divisions in Bayelsa State Margaret N. Ngwuchukwu (Ph.D/ & Edonkumoh V. Ebiye (Mlis/ 324-342 STAKEHOLDERS AWARENESS AND 'WILLINGNESS TO SUBMIT SCHOLARLY WORKS TO INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY TOWARDS RESEARCH VISIBILITY: A CASE OF UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS Olatokunbo c. OKIKI 1, Onyinye A OSEDO 2 & Blessin~ OKP AH 3 University of Lagos Library, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos': ,3 cokiki@wlilag.edu.ngl, oosedo@unilag.edu.ng2, bokpah@unilag.edu.ng3 Abstract Purpose: The study investigated the awareness level and willingness to submit scholarly works . institutional repositories among selected academics at University of Lagos, Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study applied descriptive research design. A questionnaire was us to collect data from respondents. Copies of the questionnaire were personally distributed to 58 facul: members of academic staff who were appointed by their respective faculties and departments as fi officers towards content development of the institutional repository (IR). Collected data were anal) using simple descriptive statistics, and presented in tables showing frequencies and percentages. Bivaria analysis was used for the purpose of determining the empirical relationship between the variables. Findings: Key findings showed that majority of the respondentswere only aware of the existence of the UNILAGrepository through the University circular and visit to the Library website. Results also showed that there is a positive attitude towards the IR and its content development. Implications: The university library should embark on a massive awareness campaign and advocacy programmes about the university repository and its benefits to the academic community. Originality/Value: Study suggests that the University in collaboration with copyright commission should adopt adequate plagiarism policy that will strengthen ownership right agreement and enforcement. Keywords: Institutional Repository; Awareness; Scholarly communication. Paper type: Empirical research on learning, research and teaching; and library being the academic hub of every university plays ~ critical role in the actualization of this mandate. Beyond setting up institutional repository b. academic libraries as an access point to scholarl; materials, institutional repositories provide the platform where scholarly publications are organised for ease of use. Succinctly put, Cro (2002) defines institutional repository as a digita, archive where institution's electronic collectio are made available, accessible and usable f immediate and posterity sake. This sugges essentially that IRs are set-up to manage disseminate and preserve digital scholarl; information resources generated by th university's academic and community membe In the view of Musa, Sahabi and Lawal (2016 universities and research libraries in Nigeria w _ encouraged to organise their scholarly output in institutional repositories to make visible Introduction The adoption and distribution of Institutional Repositories (IRs) have increased in recent times as a result of development witnessed in Information and Communications Technology (lCT). Lynch (2003) avers that university-based institutional repositories serve as one of the services that the university library provides to members of its community through effective management and dissemination of digital materials. This collection is in a continuous rise as evidenced by the rates at which scholarly materials that are "born digital" is on the increase by the day (lfijeh, 2011). Musa, Sahabi and Lawal (2016) while quoting Kennan (2008) stated that universities are the most suitable places to deploy institutional repository as it is essential for university libraries to document and share scholarly content. The core mandate of universities is anchored on a tripod which bothers 101 I P age Journal of applied Information Science and Technology 13 (2) Stakehalders Awareness and Willingness to Submit Scholarly Works to Institutional Repository towards Research visibutt»: A Case of Universttv of Lagos accessible their research works through open assertion further, Musa, Sahabi and Lawal (2016 access initiative (Bozimo, 2008). In bolstering the \ 111k Lju"lIng Okoj IC l2008) advocated fur free access to all journals, dissertations and conference proceedings in igeria's educational sector. Dutta and Paul (2014) are of the view that the signi ficant source of generating contents for the institutional repository is the academics scholarly outputs. Omeluzor (2014) recalled that the potential value of IR is not yet fully appreciated by most faculty members in several universities especially in Nigeria including the University of Lagos. Hence, there is a need for academics to be knowledgeable about the enormous benefits inherent in the adoption of IR. Some academics and researchers have pitched their argument on copyright issues as a major setback to the efficient and effective as well as successful adoption of IR in igerian universities. Empirical evidence and literature have shown that despite the benefits of institutional repositories, the level of acceptance has been credibly low as only a few universities in igeria have embraced the initiative, and where it has been implemented the content development has been very low and slow. Similarly, it has also been reported in the literature that the level of awareness of IR among academics in igerian universities vis-a-vis their preparedness to submit their research findings is incredibly low (Dutta and Paul, 2014). otwithstanding, some elements may impact on and shape the attitude of many scholars with regards to self-archiving practice. For instance, several studies have found a low rate of faculty submission to IRs" (Abrizah, 2017; Dutta, G., & Paul, 2014; Salo, 2008; Foster and Gibbons, 2005) Comparably; an experimental inquiry showed low rate of deposition by the academics in the University of Lagos, Nigeria even when majority of the stakeholders are aware of the existing university IR. Therefore, this study is geared towards examining the current methods the academics in University of Lagos use in making their scholarly outputs freely available globally, the depositions mandates in making research available through the existing IR by the aCadC111ICS,and what makes them reluctant to self- archi ve their research materials (Moksness, and Olsen, 2017). Upon these assertions, it is 102 I necessary to ascertain if the academic staff at the University of Lagos, Nigeria are aware of JR. What is the level of their willingness to submit their scholarly outputs to the University digital repository? Thus, the scope of the paper is geared towards determining the perceptions of stakeholders in the University of Lagos towards their willingness to contribute to research visibility. Research Questions The study attempts to answer the following questions: members of learn about 1. How do academic University of Lagos existence of the IR? 2. What are the attitudes of the respondents towards the submission of scholarly works to the repository? 3.Why do academic members submit their research/teaching materials to IRs? the the Research Hypothesis I.There is no significant relationship between the level of awareness and staff submission of scholarly works to fR. 2. There is no significant relationship between stakeholders' copyright infringement concern and submission of scholarly works to JR. Significance of the Study The study would be of immense benefits to Higher Educational Institutions (HEls) especially universities and other bodies who intend to establish institutional repository. It would provide the empirical evidence about the status of institutional repository in Nigeria generally and University of Lagos in particular. It would be a valuable asset to researchers and authors who want to patronize institutional repository. It would enable library to widen their access to information resources for their users. It would equally, aid decision and policy makers ill taking decision on matter concerning institutional repository. Journal of applied Information Science and Technology 13 (2)2020 Higher Educational Institutions (HE Is) have the responsibility of producing new knowledge, val idating the new knowledge produced, and authenticating existing knowledge. These same institutions where knowledge and scientific discovery are so made, are also the highest consumer of knowledge products. In essence, the HEls (especially the Universities) patronize the private and commercial publishers as well as scientific information resources vendors at a huge cost. Funds are made available by many universities to support staff training for higher degrees and certificate. So much financial resources are committed towards conferences attendance, and other professional meetings for members of staff including staff on special research exercise. The theses, technical reports and dissertations originating from these aforementioned academic and scholarly activities are not deposited to the institutional repository, which otherwise, should have be the platform to disseminate the institution's research publications. So, Institutional Repositories (IRs) were primarily set up to provide access to an institutions scholarly publication but over time it was observed that Table I. Items held by the University of Lagos digital repository (TR) SIN Communities Statement of the Problem Olatokunbo C. OK/KI '. Onyinye A OSEDO 2 & Blessing OKPAHJ much is not known about the scholarly output of the University of Lagos (UNILAG) hence limited access. Therefore, the study was aimed at finding out why the academics were not depositing their works in the University's Institutional Repository domiciled in the University Library. Background DSPACE Information UNILAG-on The University of Lagos Digital Repository (http://ir.unilag.edu.ng) was deployed about six years ago. The institutional repository was set up as a result of university and library management commitment towards Open-access initiative. The contents of the University of Lagos Digital Repository contain different types of digi materials. These include articles, conferen papers, theses and dissertations, and th University's archival documents. The lR provid s full text of all publications, except articles that copyrighted. There is now a total of 2,543 it - deposited in the repository, and this number steadily increasing. Table 1 shows a breakdown - the different items held by the University TOTAL I Distance Learning Institute 2 Faculty of Arts 3 Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences 4 Faculty of Clinical Sciences 5 Faculty of Dental Sciences 6 Faculty of Education 7 Faculty of Engineering 8 Faculty of Environmental Sciences 9 Faculty of Law 10 Faculty of Management Sciences I I Faculty of Pharmacy 13 Faculty of Science 14 Faculty of Social Science N.B.: Total Collections as at 3rd July 2020 52 195 311 606 275 461 432 161 52 309 128 1461 375 4,818 Literature Review Source: Field Survey, 2019 Crow (2002) affirms that an institutional repository is a digital system which captures and preserves the intellectual output of a single or multi-university community and that it is an avenue to publish scholarly publication and increase visibility and access to scholarly research 103 I P J g C from faculty and students of an academic institution. Sharma, Meichieo and Saha (2008) affirm that since IR captures, preserves and disseminates collective intellectual capital, it serves as a meaningful indicator of an institution' academic quality. They further insisted that TR increases visibility, reflects a high quality of scholarship; demonstrates the value that can Journal of applied Information Science and Technology 13 (2)202 Stakeholders Awareness and Willingness to Submit Scholarly Works to Institutional Repository towards Research Visibility: A Case of University of Lagos translate into tangible benefits including funding from public and private sources that derives in part from an institution's status and reputation. The foregoing assertions imply that a university is measured by the quality of publications made available and accessible to researchers worldwide. It equally means that the placement of universities in the global ranking is primarily anchored on the quality of its research output made accessible to the global academic community. This claim is justifiable because publications in IR are hosted by the university's website or a third-party provider and published on the Internet (Orneluzor, 2014). Therefore, according to Bamigbola and Adetimirin (2017) institutional repository (TR), is any digital rcpoxitory tkit is set up to capture, manage, preserve and distribute the intellectual properties of the host institution. The purpose of establishing lR is to create a central digital archive for scholarly works of an institution which helps the visibility of such an institution and also proffers solution to serial crises. Other papers suggest that scholars generally view the publication model favourably, although they are reluctant to fully commit themselves (Rowley, et aI, 2017). OA is a hannel for publishing where scholars' motivation for using this new opportunity is not fully xplained or understood. literature indicates that Europe, America and Australia have a higher adoption rate of institutional repositories compared to other ontinents across the globe (Abrizah 2017; Okurnu, 2015; Cullen and Chawner 2010 as ~ ferenced by Nunda and Elia (2019). According o Nunda and Elia (2019), in their reference to ullen and Chawner (20 I0), in 2006, all stralian universities had to function institutional _ osuorics. Europe leads other continents with - -_92% of universities having institutional _ ositories (Nunda and Elia, 2019). Despite ! ghtened adoption and usage of institutional -_ ositories in developed countries, the rate of _ mission of scholarly works among American versities is fairly low (Casey, 2012). Asia, the literature indicates India, Taiwan, n and Thailand lead other Asian countries in II1g and using institutional repositories ..•mu 2015; Abrizah, 20 I0). Increased adoption stitutional repositories in Asia is attributed to il g C several factors. These include user awareness of archiving and quality control policies, availability of documents in the repositories, types of the publications and ease of use of the institutional repository software and system (Ammorukleart, 2017). Other adoption factors in Asia are expected academic benefits, visibility, cultural issues, content availability, accessibility and quality, user awareness, fear of plagiarism, attitude and copyright issues (Kim, 2010; Ammorukleart 2017: Park and Qin, 2013 as cited by Nunda and Elia (2019). Contrary to the developed and Asian countries, African countries have recorded a low adoption rate of institutional repositories (Ezema, 2013; Kathewera, 2016; Lwoga and Quest ier 2014; Dulle 2010; Fasae, et a!. 2017). The adoption of institutional repositories in Africa has not been promising, and among the factors contributing to the low adoption are lack of institutional repositories awareness, unreliable electricity, insufficient information communication and technology (lCT) skills and lack of skilled workforce (Christian, 2008; Nwakaego, 2017; Saulus, Mutula and Dlamin, 2017). Other critical adoption factors in Africa and most developing countries include expected repositories' benefits, awareness and understanding of self-archiving service (Anenene, Alegbeleye and Oyewole 2017; 8amigbola 2014; Dulle 20 I0); ignorance of publishers' policy (Bamigbola, 2014). An institutional repository (IR) aims at the collection and collation of research output of an institution and making it available to the public. In the majority of cases, the document servers are run by the libraries belonging to the institution. Concerning self-archiving, lack of willingness on the pan of academics to upload their work on these servers is the major problem. Studying nine important IRs worldwide, Xia and Sun (2007) reported that the archiving of the articles is mainly done by librarians or administrative staff - hence, the self-archiving rate of authors is rather low. lain, Bentley and Oladiran, (2009) highlighted the benefits of open repository for both the university and the contributor. According to lain, lain, Bentley and Oladiran, (2009), benefits of an TR to authors among others include enhancing wide dissemination, impacting on scholarship, offering Journal of applied Information Science and Technology 13 (2)2020 Means ' Olatokunbo C. OKIKII, Onyinye A OSEDO 2 & Blessing OKPAH j their respective faculties and departments as focal officers towards content development/populating of the JR. The questionnaire was administered during a one-day traln-the-trainerworkshop. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics, and presented in tables showing frequencies and percentages. Bivariate analysis was also used to determine the empirical relationship between the variables. Data Analysis How do academic members of the University of Lagos learn about the existence of the IR? The majority of respondents (55.17%) indicated that they became aware of the existence of the University (UNILAG) repository through the University circular, whereas (25.85%) said that they knew about it accidentally while visiting the University/Library website. Others indicated that they learned about the repository through colleagues, or from librarians. Table 2 shows the spread of the respondents. The implication is that if the university has not sent out a circular as well as nominating them as focal officers, they would not have been aware of the existence of the IR let alone submitting their scholarly works. This indicates that the library should carry out awareness campaign and advocacy programmes about the repository and its benefits to the academic community. No. of Academics Percentage Through the University circular Through University/Library website Other through colleagues, or from librarians Total N =58 32 15 11 58 55.17 25.85 18.98 100 Source: Field Survey, 2019 using SPSS 20.0 What are the attitudes of the respondents towards the submission of scholarly works to the repository? The respondents were asked if they are willing to submit their papers to the repository, and whether they would recommend the repository to their colleagues. The vast majority of the respondents (94.4%) stated that they would gladly submit their papers to the repository, while only 5.6% were indifferent. Although, 69.2% expressed their concerned on the confidentiality of their 105 I rag c intellectual product but majority of the respondent (75.5%) agreed that institutional repository will improve accessibility and visibility to their scholarly works over printed journals. The result, therefore, reveals that there is a positive attitude towards the digital repository and its content development. This positive attitude could be attributed knowledge gained during the one-day train-the-trainer workshop earlier mentioned as well as from advocacy programs carried out by librarians and webometric committee to acquaint staff with the benefits ofIRs. Journal of applied Information Science and Technology 13 (2)2020 Stakeholders Awareness and Willingness to Submit Scholarly Works to Institutional Repository towards Research Visibility: A Case of University of Lagos Table 3: Attitudes of the respondents towards the submission of scholarly works to there )ository Attitudes of Staff towards submission of scholarly works to the repository Agree Disagree If! publish my work in an institutional repository, I may not be able to publish 27.7% 72.4% it elsewhere due to copyright or other restrictions There may be a conflict of interest with journal publishers People may copy or use my work without permission I will willingly submit my publications to the institutional repository platform if there is an official directive. I am concerned about confidentiality concerning the participants' information I am concerned about confidentiality concerning the researcher's details Publishing my works on the institutional repository will improve accessibility to 75.5% 24.5% my scholarly literature over printed journals. 24.2% 75.8% My scholarly research works might not be good enough to put in the public domain (on the web) Publishing my scholarly research outputs will allow people to criticize my work 37.9% 74.5% 94.4% 69.2% 69% 51.7% 62.1% 25.5% 5.6% 30.8% 31% 48.3% Source: Field Survey, 2019 using SPSS 20.0 Why do academic members submit their research/teaching materials to IRs? Table 4presents those reasons based on ratings of respondents. The reason for "financial reward" has the lowest mean of 1.43 and a standard deviation of 1.20; thus, the standard deviation is more concentrated around the mean. This is followed by "submission of my scholarly work would count toward my tenure and promotion" with a mean of 2.31 and a standard deviation of 1.44 which is also centred around its means. Table4. Reasons for submitting intellectual products to IR Conversely, the reasons "would earn me global recognition" has the highest mean of 4.42 and a standard deviation of 1.60, thus the standard deviation is not concentrated around its mean. This followed by the reason 'would earn my university recognition" with a mean of 4.36 and a standard deviation of 1.19. Though the population is very small respondent are first concerned about financial and career pre reason before global recognition and impact on their university ranking and reputation. Items Mean SD IR would preserve my scholarly works For financial reward Submission of my scholarly works would count toward my tenure and promotion Would earn my university recognition Would earn me global recognition 5= very important; 1= very unimportant N=S8 4.22 1.43 2.31 4.36 4.42 1.17 1.20 1.44 1.19 1.60 Source: Field Survey, 2019 using SPSS 20.0 Test of Hypotheses Hypothesis t There is no significant relationship between the level of awareness of IR by academic staff and submission of scholarly works to the University of Lagos Digital repository From the hypothesis above, we assume that there is no significant relationship between the level of awareness of IR by academic staff and submission of scholarly works to University of Lagos Digital repositorybecause the result presented in Table 3 shows that 58.3% of respondents are both aware and contributed to the institutional repository. Also, the chi-square analysis reveals that the calculated value (X2) is 1.125 and the 'p' value is 0.319, which is greater than the level of significance of 0.05. Hence, the Null Hypothesis (Ho) is accepted and the Alternative Hypothesis (HI) is rejected. This implies that there is no relationship between the level of awareness and 106 I P age Journal of applied Information Science and Technology 13 (2}2020 able 5: Level of Awareness and submission 0 se 0 arty wor S 0 Awareness Submission of scholarly works Total Yes No Aware 28 20 48 (58.3) (41.7) (100) Not Aware 4 6 la (40) (60) (100) Total 32 26 58 (55.2) (44.8) (100) ,1_ - - submission of scholarly works by academic staff to the content development of the institutional repository. The implication is that in spite of awareness of IR by academic, there is a noticeable T X -1.l25,df-l,p-value-.319 Olatokunbo C. OKIKII, Onyinye A OSEDO Z & Blessing OKPAHJ lack of requisite skills that will enable them to submit (self-archiving) their scholarly works to the TR. f h I I k t IR a e : ta e 0 er concern or convna 111 rmzcmen an con n u IOn 0 e con e Fear of Misuse of work Contribution to Repository Total Yes No Afraid 32 23 55 (58.2) (41.8) (100) Not Afraid 0 3 3 (0) (100) (100) Total 32 26 58 (55.2) (44.8) (100) ,l - - - Source: Field Survey, 2019 using SPSS 20.0 Hypothesis 2 There is no signi ficant relationship between stakeholders' copyright infringement concern and submission of scholarly work to IR. Table 4 shows that 58.2% of respondents entertain fears for misuse of their works, plagiarism and more but still submitted their scholarly works to the institutional repository, while about 41.8% did not contribute at all to the institutional repository. The chi-square T bl 6 S k h Id f . ht i f . x - 3.894; df - I; p-value - .084 analysis reveals that the calculated value (X2) is 3.894 and the 'p ' value is 0.084, which is greater than the level of significance of 0.05. Hence, the Null Hypothesis (Ho) is not rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (H 1) is not accepted. This implies that there is no relationship between copyright infringement concern of the respondents and their contribution to the institutional repository. d t ib ti t th t nt of IR Source: Field Survey, 2019 using SPSS 20.0 Discussion of Findings This study discovered the obvious, that majority (55.17%) of the academics would not have been aware of the University's IR if not for the efforts of the University Library in creating awareness through University circular and social platform. Thisis in tandem with the findings of Ivwighreghweta, (2012) and Ridwan, (2015) in which it was suggested that many academics in Universities and Research Institution are completely unaware with open access repositories even within their own academic environment. 107 I P age The study further revealed that while 58.3% were aware of the repository and submitted their scholarly works, 41.7% of the respondents were aware but did not deposit their works on the one hand, and on the other hand, 40% were not aware yet submitted their works while 60% were not aware and did not submit their works. Hence 55.2% of the total respondents deposited their works while 44.8% did not contribute to the IR. This result shows that deposition of scholarly materials for population of Institutional repository of University of Lagos is on the increase thus Journal of applied Information Science and Technology 13 (2)2020 S akeholders Awareness and Willingness to Submit Scholarly Works to Institutional Repository towards Research . sibility: A Case of University of Lagos contradicting the findings of Bamigbola and detimirin (2017) which suggested that frequency - use of lR as archive among lecturers in · 'igerian universities is low. Findings also showed that 55.2% entertained fear · at their works if deposited in the IR would be i used but still went ahead to deposit their works 'bile 44.8% did not submit their works due tto the · ar of misuse of works deposited in the IR. These fears border majorly on copyright and plagiarism ssues, This is consonance with the discovery of amigbola (2014) and Bamigbola and Adetimirin 017) wherein it was shown that fear of opyrights infringement and fear of plagiarism are (he major challenges inhibiting deposition of cholarly work in IRs. The result is also in tandem with Ivwighreghweta, (2012) in which it was found out that perception of IR contents to be of lower quality, low level of awareness about deposition mandate and self-archiving practices, fear of plagiarism and low level of understanding of publishers licensing policy as the major factors that makes them reluctant to self-archive their work Conclusions The need for University Digital repository as a veritable platform to provide access to academics' intellectual products and digital contents of a university is very important. The main essence of this is to enhance visibility, recognition, collaboration and dissemination of scholarly information to the global community. As revealed in this study most faculty members of the university are yet to realise and recognise the potentia Is of IR hence the low contributions to its content development. The implication of this non- realisation and non-recognition of the potentials of IR is that the global visibility of the University in general and the academics, in particular, will be abysmally low, and the academics will be missing out in collaborative research efforts. Hence, there is an urgent need for the University Library to embark on a massive awareness campaign and advocacy programmes about the repository and its benefits to the academic community. The findings further showed that vast majority of the respondents were willing to submit their papers to the repository. This could be attributed 108 I P age to the awareness and benefit of IR gained during the one-day train the trainer workshop. However, a good number of the respondents still lack the requisite skills that will enable them to engage in self-archiving (that is; submit their scholarly works to the IR). Therefore, the University Library should continuously organise workshops on content development of the IR as well as self- archiving. It should be noted that lack of understanding of IR goal requires effective and aggressive awareness campaign, education and persuasion. In allaying the fears expressed by some of the respondents regarding copyright infringement of their scholarly outputs, it is required of the University Management in collaboration with Nigerian Copyright Commission to adopt adequate plagiarism policy to strengthen ownership rights agreement and enforcement. Recommendations Based on the findings of this study, it is hereby recommended that; • The University Library should embark on a massive awareness campaign and advocacy programmes about the university repository and its benefits to the academic community. The University Library should also, in conjunction with the Deans of Faculties through the University management constantly issue circulars. The University Management could make deposition of works in the IR as part of promotion exercise. In this way, the academics will begin to see deposition of their works in the IR as a means of improvement. The fears expressed by the academics should be addressed by the University Library through the University Management. 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