Published by DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE, FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, NIGERIA ILORIN VARSITY I TERNATIONAL .JOURNAL OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE (IVI.JLIS) Vol. 4, o. 1& 2 2021 nternational Joumal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 Published by: Department of library and Information Science, Faculty of C mmunication and Information Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. All right reserved: No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical, including pnotocopy. recording or any information storage and retriever system, without the prior permission in writing from the author or publisher. ISSN: 2659-1561 Printed by: Ijaoye Printing & Commercial Enterprises o. 9, Alalubosa Street, Maraba, I1orin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Tel: 08132074041 Email: ijaoyepress@gmail.com ii Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2 _ (IVIlLIS) Editorial Board Chairman Editorial Board: Dr. A. Salman Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Adeyinka TELLA tella.a@unilorin.edu.ng or tellayinkaedu@yahoo.com, editorijipc@unilorin.edu.ng Deputy Editor- in-Chief: Dr. Isah. Abdulmumin International Editorial Advisory Board 12. Prof. Peterson Dewah University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe 1. Prof. S.M. Mutula University of KwaZulu-Natal, SA. 2. Prof. Atulang Mutshewa University of Botswana 3. Prof. Priti Jain University of Botswana 4. Prof. Onyacha Bosire University of South Africa 5. Prof. S. Thanuskodi Alagapa University, India 6. Prof. R. Edie University of British Columbia, Canada 7. Prof. Derek Law (Prof. Emeritus, UK). 8. Prof. Mary. K. Bolin University of Nebraska Lincoln, USA. 9: Dr. Peter Warnings, Division of Information and Techhology Studies, University of Hong Kong. 10. Prof. Kathrin. Figl, Institute for Information System and .New Media, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria. 11. Dr. Gbola Olasina University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. iii IIori Vty International Journal of Library & Information Science Vot. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 National Editorial Advisory Board Prof. Charles Omekwu Dr. I. Sanni University of Ibadan. University of Calabar. Abia State University National Library of Nigeria, Abuja. Delta State University Babcock University, Ilishan Remo Bayero University, Kano Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria University of Abuja Abia State University Abia State University Ajayi Crowd er University, Oyo. Tai-Solarin University of Education Nibe-Adebimpe Library, FUNAAB Redeemer University Library. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University of . Technology; Bauchi. University of Nigeria, Nsuka Katsina State University University of Maiduguri Pro . S.O. Popoola Prof. A. Ntui Prof. Udoh Nwokocha Prof. L.Q. Aina Prof. Stephen Uwaifo Prof. Haliso Yacoob Prof. Bello Prof. Zachari Muharnmed Prof. Innocent Ekoja Prof. Nwachukwu Prof. Oke Okoro Prof. Iyabo Mabawonku Prof. Niran Adetoro Dr. Yomi Owolabi Dr. Adeleke Akiniyi . Prof. Munsur Malumfasi Prof. E. Dahwa . Associate Editors Other Editors Prof. A.O. Issa Managing Editor: Mr. J. Muhammed Prof. A.O. Idowu Marketing Editor: Dr. Olaronke Fagbola Dr. M.T. Bashorun Mrs. 0.0. Ajiboye Dr. K.T. Omopupa Business Manager: Dr. M.L. Akanbi Web Administration: Mrs. R. Ogunlade Mrs. M. Abdulhakeem iv Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Ubrary & Information Sdence Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 L~ AIM AND SCOPE OF THE JOURNAL IVDLIS is being positioned as an internationally refereed journal published bi- annually in (May and November) by the Department of Library and Information Science in the Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Thus, issues will be identified as Volume 1, (Issue 1, May), 2018, Vol. 1, (Issue 2, Nov), 2018, etc. It is dedicated to the exchange of the latest research and practical information in the field of Library and Information Science. The journal publishes original research and case studies by Librarians, Library and Information Scienceacademicsand government contributors, and other information professionals on the key areas of information science, library science, archives, and records management, including best practices, policies, and guidelines. COPYRIGHT Research papers and articles submitted to IVULIS should be original contributions and should not be under consideration by any other publication outlet at the same time. The contributors warrant that the work is not an infringement of any existing copyright and will indemnify the publishers of any breach of such a warranty. The work submitted by the contributor and published by the journal will become the legal copyright of the publisher unless otherwise specified. CALL FOR PAPERS The journal ·h~re~y calls for manuscripts for its maiden issue to be. published in December 2020, (Le.•Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2020) as detailed below. . Submissions All articles are subjected to a double-blind peer-review process. Manuscripts are invited from academics, researchers, and practitioners for publication consideration in all areas related to Library and Information. Each manuscript must include 200 words abstract. Articles are accepted in MS-Word format only. Submitted articles should strictly follow the format of the sample article which can be found on the journal website at http//unilorin.edu.ng/fcis/uijlis The article for consideration should be submitted as an e-mail attachment to tellayinkaedu@yahoo.comor abdulmumin.isah@yahoo.com, isah.a@unilorin.edu.ng v n Varsity Intemational Joumal of Ubrary & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 anuscript requirements Please prepare your manuscript before submission, using the following guidelines: Format Article files should be provided in Microsoft Word format. Article Length Author Details Biographies and acknowledqments References Articles should be between 5000 and 6000 words in length. This includes all text including references and appendices. Please allow 280 words for each figure or table. All contributing authors' names should be provided, and the names should be arranged in the correct order for publication. * Correct email addresses should be supplied for each author in their separate author accounts The full name of each author must be present in their author account in the exact format they should appear for publication, including or excluding any middle names or initials as required * The affiliation of each contributing author should be correct in their author account. Theaffiliation listed should be where they were based at the time that the research for the paper was conducted. Authors who wish to include these items should save them together in an MS Word and send with the su--------+bmission. If they are to be included, a brief professional biography of not more than 100 words should be supplied for each named author. Authors are advised to strictly adhere to the latest version of APA for both the in-text citation and end of paper references. vi Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. EDITORIAL We give glory to God for gradually restoring peace and normalcy into the whole in light of Coronavirus (Covid-19) that ravages and disrupts the year 2020. Researchers globally have returned to work and continue with their research and the outcomes some of their research is what Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library and Information Science anchors on to enable the publication of these two combined editions which is volume 4, issue 1 and 2. The first article in the journal by foreign authors, Gladness Richard and P. Jain focused on the challenges facing records management: A case study of Botswana Examinations Council records management unit. The article detailed the activities involved in the management of records at the council and the challenges they encounter and how the challenges can be surmounted. The next article in this edition by Olaronke o. Fagbola, Taiwo Adedigba and Priscilla Agbetuyi focused on the work-life balance and organisational commitment of librarians in Kwara State, Nigeria. This is followed by Nafisa Rabiu and Folorunso O. O's article which focused on online information search skills among University of Ilorin postgraduate students. Following this is the article that examined the influence of job satisfaction on records management effectiveness in registries of Federal Universities in South-West, Nigeria by Ailakhu, Ugonna V. Other articles in this edition are the ones by Oluyinka Titilope Afolayan which examined antecedents of knowledge sharing behaviour and intentions of students at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria; awareness of and Web 3.0 competencies among librarians in universities in Osun State, Nigeria by Jacob, Priscilla Ayooluwa; Idris Ibrahim Saleh; and Adesina Oladimeji Adegoke; and assessment -of the of organisational culture and services delivery in selected public libraries in Kwara State by Aliyu Mahmud; Akinboro, E.O and Nuhu, S.R. The article in the edition by Mahammuod, Sulyman Olaitan and James, Bukola Olutola focused on the influence of motivation on performance of para- professional staff in two selected academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria. Okiki, Olatokunbo Christopher and Ikuejurojo Adebanjo examined financial literacy and financial preparedness of librarians and library officers towards retirement: A survey of academic libraries in Southwest Nigeria; students use and satisfaction with reprographic services at Delta State University library was examined Achugbue 1. Edwin; while the last articles adoption and use of open educational resources (oer) in distance learning centres of two Nigerian universities was examined by Abdulmumin Isah, Ganiyu Ojo Adigun, Mulikat Yetunde Abdulkareen and Shakirah Oyindamola Afolabi. Permit to state it clearly that, these are well-researched report, very interesting and educating. Therefore, I invite our readers to come along and review the articles. Tella, Adeyinka Editor-in-Chief. vii Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial Board................................................................................................ iii-iv Aim and Scope/Instructions to Contributors.. v-vi Editorial. vii Table of Contents......... viii-ix Challenges facing Records Management Units: A case study of Botswana Examinations Council Records Management Unit Gladness Richard and Priti Jain 1-13 Work-life Balance and Organisational Commitment of Librarians in Kwara State, Nigeria Olaronke O. Fagbola, Taiwo Adedigba and Priscilla Agbetuyi . 14-33 Online Information Search Skills among University of Ilorin Postgraduate Students' Nafisa Rabiu and Folorunso o. o. 34-42 .Job Satisfaction on Records Management Effectiveness in Registries of Federal Universities in South-west, Nigeria . . Ailakhu, Ugonna V. 43-59 Antecedents of Knowledge Sharing Behaviour and Intentions of Students at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria Oluyinka Titilope Afolayan 60-75 A vareness and Web 3.0 Competencies Among Librarians in U . ersities in Osun State, Nigeria Jacob, Priscilla Ayooluwa; Idris Ibrahim Saleh; & esina Oladimeji Adegoke.. 76-89 Assessment of the of Organisational tulture and Services Delivery in blic Libraries in Kwara State Mshrnlud; Akinboro E. o. and Nuhu S. R. 90-103 viii Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Sdence Vol. 4 The Influence of Effective Motivation on the Performance of Para-professional Staff in Two Selected Academic Libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria Mahammuod, Sulyman Olaitan and lames, Bukola Olutola 104-117 Financial Literacy and Financial Preparedness of Librarians and Library Officers Towards Retirement: A Survey of Academic Libraries in Southwest Nigeria Okiki, Olatokunbo Christopher and Ikuejurojo Adebanjo 118-131 Students Use and Satisfaction with Reprographic Services at Delta State University Library Achugbue I. Edwin 132-146 Adoption and Use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Distance Learning Centres of Two Nigerian Universities Abdulmumin Isah, Ganiyu Ojo Adigun, Mulikat Yetunde Abdulkareen and Shakirah Oyindamola Afolabi 147-160 ... ' ix Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 202_ Financial Literacy and Financial reparedness of librarians and library Officers towards Retirement: A Survey of Academic libraries in Southwest Nigeria OKIKI, Olatokunbo Christopher University of Lagos Library, University of Lagos, Nigeria cokiki@unilag.edu.ng and Ikuejurojo Adebanjo Tai Solarin University of Education Ijagun , Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State Department of Library and Information Science ikuejurojoadebanjo@gmail.com Abstract This paper seeks to explain the concept of financial literacy as a correlate of financial preparedness towards the retirement of librarians and library officers in higher institutions libraries in the six states of southwest Nigeria. Adequate knowledge of monetary literacy is needed to function properly and plan towards retirement Financial literacy is germane for survival in today's economy as lack of it could lead to the wrong choice and imptementetion of poor financial decisions, which could affect negatively. Thepurpose of this paper is to investigate the level of financial literacy focusing on money management, financial planning, choosing appropriate financial services and products, and financial knowledge and understanding. The quantitative research approach was used to collect primary data among librarians and Itbrary officers in the selected higher institutions libraries in Southwest Nigeria. Primary data were analysed through descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Thepaper concludes that financial literacy encourages financial accessand savings, invariably increasing economicgrowth, reducing poverty levels, and enhancing the quality of lIfe after retirement. The paper concludes by suggesting interventions that help librarians and lIbrary officers improve their financial literacy levels and manage and sustain their financial well-being. Keywords: Financial literacy, Anancial preparedness, Retirement, Library officers, Academic tlbreries. Introduction Rnance is one of the key components of the life of every individual or community. Adequate financial literacy is necessary to aid an individual or group to make 118 11L" I Vdrsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 appropriate financial decisions by selecting and using the right financial products and services (Anthony-Orji, Orji, Ogbuabor, and Nwosu 2019). Poor financial literacy and misconceptions about financial products may result in financial losses and a decline in economic conditions. It could also result in poor investment decisions and excessive or wasteful spending (Damayanti, Murtaqi, and Pradana, 2018). Anthony-Orji. Orji and Ogbuabor (2019) see financial literacy as a basic but vital skill for quality life in the 21st century. The literature has established that a lack of financial literacy will struggle to grasp or participate effectively in the modern economy (Nnadozie, 2013). Financial literacy among civil servants is a fast-growing concern for all. The problems - poor borrowing behaviour, failure to understand the consequences of loans, failure to save money, and lack of participation in retirement programs, are not limited to those who display low levels of financial literacy (Nnadozie, 2013). Sawatzki and Sullivan (2017) define financial literacy as a body of knowledge of facts, concepts, principles, and needed tools fundamental to being smart about money management. This was affirmed by Anthony-Orji, Orji, Ogbuabor, and James (2020) to mean a combination of self-consciousness,knowledge acquisition, skills, attitudes, and behaviours to make wise financial decisions and achieve individual financial well-being. A high level of financial literacy leads to a positive change in financial behaviour and an individual's financial well-being. Lusardi "and Mitchell (2011) have shown that financial literacy has a major influence on whether individuals establish a private pension plan, thus securinq their future financial well-bemq.:However, most' people,. particularly librarians and library officers, tend to have a low level of financial literacy. However, setting financial goals and saving some of their earnings is associatedwith obtaining more financial information through institutional support (Ben-Caleb,Olusanmi, Oyewo, Fakile,Adegboyegun, and Ademola, 2019).. . A proper spending plant saving, and investing money make a difference in how well financial needs and qoals will be met. Meeting those goals requires lnstltutlonal support on financial literacy that considers all aspects of financial life like budgeting and managing taxes, liabilities, purchasing decisions, managing insurance, managing investment, retirement, and estate planning (Mohamed and Fatima, 2013), to enhance the adequate quality of living of the librarians and library officers. However, for any librarians and library officers to live a quality and satisfying life, adequate financial literacy is required to prepare them after retirement. On many occasions, it has often been offered that most retirees are not enjoying a good standard of living offer retirements. It will serve the body of knowledge to 119 Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Sdence Vo!. 4 No. 1& 2 understand the monetary literacy level of librarians and library officers and their quality of life during their active service and preparedness towards retirement. Many staff often spends miserably due to inadequate financial literacy, low financial literacy, and lack of forwarding planning. The literature has established that librarians vis-a-vis library officers are information experts; hence, their information literacy skills are not in doubt, but one cannot say that of their financial literacy. Therefore, two major factors are proposed to explain the decline in the standard of living after retirement. Thus, if an academic librarian or library staff lacks the relevant financial literacy skill, the quality of life, especially after retirement, will decrease (hereafter, "retirement preparedness skills"). Second, is there institutional support towards financial literacy skills acquired during their active services? Therefore, this study intends to investigate institutional support for academic librarians and libraries on needed financial literacy skills towards life after the retirement of some selected academic libraries in Southwest Nigeria. Aims and Objectives the study The current study investigates the level of financial literacy and retirement preparedness of librarians and library officers in selected public libraries in all six states in southwest Nigeria. In specific terms, the paper would find out the financial literacy programs available to librarians and library officers and the challenges towards retirement preparednessand make appropriate recommendations. ResearchQue~ions The study intends to answer the following questions: 1. What is the level of financial literacy of librarians and library officers in some selected academic libraries in southwest Nigeria? 2. What is the level of financial preparedness of librarians and library officers in some selected academic libraries in southwest Nigeria? 3. What are financial literacy programs available to librarians and library officers in some selected academic libraries in southwest Nigeria? . Research Hypotheses Ho1:Financial literacy does not have a Significant influence on the retirement preparedness of librarians and library officers. -H02:There is no significant correlation between demographic variables, financial literacy, and level of preparedness of librarians and library officers towards retirement. H03There is no Significant difference between the financial literacy of academic librarians and library officers towards retirement preparedness. 120 Ilorin Varsity International Journal of library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 22021 Literature Review As a broader concept, various authors have defined financial literacy differently. There is no standard definition of it. The literature has established that several studies define financial literacy differently and use it interchangeably with concepts such as financial capability, economic literacy, debt literacy, financial education, and financial knowledge (Arceo-Gomez and Villagomez, 2017; Matemane, 2018). According to Keller, leBeauMalafi, and Spackman (2015), financial literacy education literature is robust in education, sociology, finance, and economics. The frequency of articles and the urgency of their tone increases dramatically after the global financial crisis. Financialcapability is managing money, keeping track of your finances, planning, choosing financial products, and staying informed about financial matters (Co-Creation Hub Nigeria, 2013). Understanding basic financial concepts and the ability to apply that knowledge to make sound personal and financial decisions are referred to as financial literacy. These choices include whether to spend and when to save, effectively manage a budget, choose the correct financial products, and how prepared we are to deal with other life events like financing our own or our children's school and retirement planning. According to Michaud (2017), financial literacy is linked to better financial outcomes such as more efficient savings and better debt management. It also acts as a deterrent to wealth disparity by providing library employees with the necessary skills and knowledqe to effectively use their financial services. Financial literacy has also been demonstrated to influence" student financial behaviour" positively. Furthermore, employees require financial literacy to avoid financial distress, which can arise when workers lack fundamental financial literacy abilities. Hnancial distress may eventually lead to poor productivity, enthusiasm, and absenteeism. (ii) Financially literate employees may have a better understanding of a company's financial situation than financially illiterate employees during times of financial difficulty. Employeeswho have a better awareness of the situation should achieve better results in collective bargaining. Financial literacy, yet again, correlates to higher returns on savings by the consumer and lower interest-generating debt securities. Mottola (2013) found that families with dependent library workers were more prone to show low financial literacy levels. A potential explanation for these results lies in the reverse causality: library workers with high (Iow) financial literacy levels are more (less) concerned ab.out family planning. By analysing occupation, Chen and Volpe (2018) reported that a vast number of financial knowledge provides a basis for decision-making and job performance. On the other hand, according to Kim & Garman (2014), unskilled workers tend to show lower performance due to less contact with financial issues. In addition, financial illiteracy is associated with low 121 Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 202_ job performance and workers' productivity. A study conducted by Spiranec, Zorica, and Sirnondc (2012) on the conceptual correlation of information literacy and financial literacy and Smith and Eschenfelder's (2013) exploratory study of public librarian perceptions of financial literacy is of interest did align with the above assertion. Moreover, the dynamic complexities of modern finance and economics heighten the need for financial literacy, especially during a crisis. Wolfe-Hayes (2010), an environmental scan of financial literacy education, states: "Although improved individual financial literacy may not influence the occurrence of a crisis, it would likely dampen the impact on the individual's financial situation. " In a survey carried out by Keller, LeBeauMalafi,and Spackman (2015) on meeting the need for library-based financial literacy education, it was revealed 60% of the sample size reported that staff receives reference training related to personal finance at least occasionally. 22% report not receiving such inquiries. At the same time, 36 percent of respondents' libraries offer workshops related to financial literacy, while another 13 percent plan to do so in the future. And yet, 81 percent of respondents report their staff to receive no specialised training to respond to finance-related. However, a lot of research has been done on the financial literacy of various stakeholders, but none on librarians and library officers related to the preparedness towards retirement. This is a gap in the literature which this paper tends to cover. Methodology A questionnaire survey was used for data collection in the study. A random technique selected the six sampled public university libraries across the six states in southwest Nigeria. The population of this study comprised 98 librarians and 139 library officers in the University of Ibadan, Federal University of Technology Akure, University of Lagos, Tai Solarin University of Education, Federal University of Oye Ekiti, and Osun State University. Seethe table below. Table 1 Population of the Study Universities Totallibrarians library officers University of Ibadan, Oyo state Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo state University of Lagos, Lagos state Tai Solarin University of Education Federal University of Oye Ekiti Osun State University TOTAL 29 15 20 25 49 40 17 8 17 12 98 18 22 29 25 139 35 30 46 40 237 122 Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 A total enumeration was used to distribute a standardised and modified structured questionnaire to 237 academic librarians and library officers to the six selected universities library in southwest Nigeria. Two hundred and four (204) duly completed and useable questionnaires were retrieved and used for data analysis, representing an 86.1 percent response rate. Results Background information of Respondents The demographic information in table 2 comprised 114 (55.9%) females and 90 (44.1%) males, implying more female respondents than their male counterparts. Basedon their academic qualifications, 77(37%) respondents had a first degree as their highest qualification, 56(287%) Masters. On years of experience, 45(22%) were between 1 - 10 years of experience, 85(41%) were between 11 - 20 years, while 21 - 30 years and above was 74 (37%). Table 2: Demographic variables DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE(%) Gender ~~ ~ Female 114 Academic qualification O'level/Diploma 43 B.Sc/HN·D : 77 Master 56 PhD 28 Working experience 1 - 10 years 45 11 - 20 years 85 21 - 30 years & above 74 Total 204 44.1 55.9 21 37 28 14 22 41 37 100% Level of Financial Literacy of Librarians and Library Officers Research question 1: What is the level of financial literacy of librarians and library officers in some selected academic libraries in southwest Nigeria? Table 3 showed an average mean of 3.22 is greater than the accepted mean of 2.50, indicating that all the items measured on the level of financial literacy of librarians and library officers. All the items were significant; the results show a mean score of (x = 3.71) affirmed that they know how to make returns received 123 Ilortn Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 '0. 1 & 2 28 : from all their sources of finance towards their retirement, (x = 3.61) affirmed that the respondents understand that they should repay loan and interest due within the prescribed period from the date of issue, (x = 3.35) affirmed knowledge on how to keep records/documents on their finances, (x = 3.32) affirmed that the respondents invest out of their incomes for retirement purposes. The result shows that with a grand mean of 3.22, which is greater than 2.50 minimum level of financial literacy of librarians and library officers is high. Table 3: level of financial literacy of librarians and library officers Items Mean Std. Dev. Remark 3.71 .457 Significant 3.62 .487 Significant 3.35 .683 Significant 3.32 .469 Significant 3.00 .596 Significant 2.97 .569 Significant 2.59 .693 Significant I know how to make returns received from all my sources of finance towards my retirement I understand that I should repay the loan and interest due within the prescribed period from the date of the issue I know how to keep records/documents on my finances I can invest out of each income I receive to prepare for my retirement I am the kind of person who knows how to invest I know which income should be included or excluded in determining my budget to prepare for my retirement I am aware of financial institutions that provide adequate investment plans towards retirement preparedness Average Mean . 3.22 .565 Significant Decision: It has been adjudged that means the score of X=2.50 and above is significant. level of Financial Preparednessof librarians and library Officers Research question 2: What is the level of financial preparedness of librarians and library officers in some selected academic libraries in southwest Nigeria? The result in table 4 showed an average mean of 1.94 is greater than the accepted mean of 1.50, indicating that all the items measuring the level of financial preparedness of librarians and library officers were Significant. The results show a mean score of (x = 1.94) indicated Revocable Living Trust, (X = 1.76) indicated Will, (X = 1.94) indicated Martial Trust Provisions, (X = 1.94) indicated Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust, (X = 1.94) indicated Credit Shelter Trust Provisions,ex = 1.94) indicated Testamentary Trust, (X = 1.94) indicated Living Will. Moreover, (X = 2.00) indicated Joint Revocable Trust, (X = 2.00) indicated Generation Skip Trust Provisions, (X = 2.00) indicated Durable General Power of Attorney. The result shows that with a grand mean of 1.94, which is greater than 1.50 minimum level of financial preparednessof librarians and library officers is high. 124 Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information ScienceVol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 Table 4: Level of financial preparednessof librarians and library officers Items Mean Std. Dev. Remark Revocable Living Trust 1.94 .236 Significant Will 1.76 .425 Significant Martial Trust Provisions 1.94 .236 Significant Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust 1.94 .236 Significant Credit Shelter Trust Provisions 1.94 .236 Significant Testamentary Trust 1.94 .236 Significant Living Will 1.94 .236 Significant Joint Revocable Trust 2.00 .000 Significant Generation Skip Trust Provisions 2.00 .000 Significant Durable General Power of Attorney 2.00 .000 Significant Average Mean 1.94 .184 Significant Decision: It has been adjudged that means the score of X=1.50 and above is significant Financial literacy programs Research question 3: What are financial literacy programs available to librarians and library officers in some selected academic libraries in southwest Nigeria? Table 5 result shows an average mean of 2.75 is greater than the accepted mean of 2.50, indicating that qll the items measuring the financial literacy proqrams available to librarians and library officers; the total of 13 items were significant while only 1 item was non-significant. Hence, the financial literacy programs majorly available to librarians and library officers are cooperative society, budget, interest payment, entrepreneur, pension plan, and bank loan. Table 5: Financial literaqi programs available to librarians and library officers Items Mean Std.Oev. Remark Cooperative society Budget Interest payment Entrepreneur Pension plan Bank loan Income tax Shares/stocks 3.00 .000 3.00 .000 2.97 .169 2.94 .236 2.94 .236 2.88 .323 2.74 .442 2.65 .479 Significant Significant Significant Significant Significant Significant Significant Significant 125 'Iorin Varsity InternationalJournalof Ubrary& Information ScienceVol. 4 No. 1 & 22021 Dividend 2.65 .479 Significant Exchangerate 2.65 .590 Significant Equipment loan 2.62 .596 Significant Compound interest 2.59 .601 Significant Depreciation 2.53 .607 Significant Diversification 2.38 .596 Non-significant AverageMean 2.75 .596 Significant Decision:It has been adjudged that means the score of X=2.50 and above is Significant. Testing of Research Hypotheses H03: Financial literacy does not have a significant influence on the retirement preparedness of librarians and library officers Table 6 shows that the independent variable (financial literacy) Significantly influences librarians' and library officers; the value of R shows this =.876 and R2 (adjusted) =.952, P = .000. However, the result shows that financial literacy significantly influences the retirement preparednessof librarians and library officers (P<0.05). The findings indicated that increased financial literacy is imperative among library workers, as this could majorly influence their life quality and satisfaction. Table 6: RegressionAnalysisof HypothesisOne R = .876 . R2=.952 . . Multiple R2(adjusted)=.951 Standard error of estimate= .248 Analysisof variance Model Sum of Df square (SS) 236.0051 11.995 248.00 Mean F Sig. Regression Residual Total 1 202 203 square 18.003 .062 18.379 H02: There is no significant correlation between demographic variables, financial literacy, and level of preparedness of librarians and library officers towards retirement Table 7 below shows that independent variables (demographic variables and financial literacy) Significantly influence the level of preparedness of librarians and library officers towards retirement; this is shown by the value of R =.943 and R2 (adjusted) =.889, P = .001. However, the result shows a significant correlation 126 Ilorin Varsity International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 between demographic variables, financial literacy, and level of preparedness of librarians and library officers towards retirement (P<0.05). The finding implication indicated that the demographic variables and financial literacy significantly affect library workers' level of preparedness towards their retirement. Table 7: Regression Analysis R = .943 R2=.889 Multiple R2(adjusted)=.888 Standard error of estimate= .411 Analysis of variance Model Sum of square OF Mean square F (SS) Sig. Reqression Residual Total 83.059 32.941 296.000 1 202 203 31.530 .169 78.618 - H03: There is no significant difference between the financial literacy of academic librarians and library officers towards retirement preparedness Table 8 shows that independent variables (financial literacy) significantly influence the retirement preparedness of academic librarians and library officers; the value of R shows' this :=.950 .and R2(adjusted) =.902, P = .003. However,' the result shows' a significant difference between financial literacy of academic librarians and library officers towards retirement preparedness -(P<0.05). The finding implication indicated that academic librarians' and library officers' financial literacy would significantly prepare them for retirement. Table 8: Regression Analysis R = .950 R2=.902 Multiple R2(adjusted)=.901 Standard error of estimate= .452 Analysis of variance Model Sum of Of Mean square F Sig. square (SS) Regression 65.319 1 82.660 95.584 .003b Residual 39.771 202 .204 Total 5.091 203 127 Ilorin Varsity Intemational Journal of Library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 2 2021 Discussion of Findings This study evaluated the level of financial literacy and retirement preparedness among librarians and library officers in six states of southwest Nigeria. The level of financial literacy of librarians and library officers were investigated around the variables of financial management, financial planning, choosing appropriate financial products and services, and financial knowledge and understanding by determining the descriptive mean value for the best answers for each variable. The study showed a high level of financial literacy of librarians and library officers in the selected academic libraries in southwest Nigeria. This finding is in line with the study of Anthony-Orji, Orji, and Ogbuabor (2020), who stated that financially literate people make adequate plans ahead of time, inquire and use relevant information, seek advice and know when to implement the advice. Similarly, The study showed that librarians and library officers' major financial literacy programs are cooperative society, budget, interest payment, entrepreneur, pension plan, and bank loan. Supporting this finding. Regarding the number of dependent family members, the same logic may be used: library workers with dependent family members may be more concerned with the budget in the interest of family well-being. Similarly, Scheresberg(2013) found that gender, religion, working experience, and marital status correlate with the financial literacy level and preparedness towards retirement. According to Brown and Graf (2013), singles have a significant propensity to lower financial literacy levels .compared to married library workers. In qeneral, when library workers have a low financial literacy level, they run the risk of making bad financial decisions that, in the long term, may result in debts.and the latter endanger the well-being of their relationships (Calamato, 2010). The study showed that financial literacy has a significant influence oil the retirement preparedness of librarians and library officers; demographic variables have a significant influence on the financial literacy of librarians and library officers; there is a significant correlation between demographic variables, financial literacy, and level of preparedness of librarians and library officers towards retirement. The finding is consistent with Dew (2018) and Anthony-Orji, Orji, and Ogbuabor (2020) study, which noted that proficiency in financial knowledge and literacy is very important to establishing financial well-being and retirement preparedness. Conclusion The importance of financial literacy at all levels of socio-economic strata cannot be overemphasised, given its enormous benefits, especially towards retirement. The literature has strongly argued that any individuals with low levels of financial literacy will negatively affect the individual, especially in terms of finandal 128 Ilorin Varsity International Journal of library & Information Science Vol. 4 No. 1 & 22021 management. The ability to understand matters of a financial nature, financial decision making,' behaviour, and knowledge will, in turn, affects overall financial well-being. Proper knowledge and awarenessof financial literacy skills will eliminate confusion about when to save, spend, manage a budget, choose appropriate financial products and services, and knowledge and planning for retirement. Financial literacy should be prioritised to ensure that workers' (hereafter "librarians and library officers") financial management skills are developed to improve their money management behaviour to manage their finances successfully and avoid overspending and indebtedness. Recommendations Therefore, it is recommended that librarians and library officers change their attitudes towards personal financial management and acquire the necessary financial knowledge through financial education and training to improve their level of financial literacy. Library workers are the centre of sustainable development. Thus they should be adequately sensitised and enlightened for sustainable development by reducing financial illiteracy to the barest minimum because education is a vital tool for development. The institution should encourage librarians and library officers to take financial literacy seriously and initiate wellness campaigns for these categories of staff to address low levels of financial literacy. The institutions or universities should form partnerships with non-governmental organisations (NGOs)and other financial institutions to conduct training on financial literacy and.life after retirement. . Limitations of the study The researchers encountered some challenges when conducting this study. The first is that studies conducted on· financial literacy and retirement preparedness among librarians and library officers are non-existence: this created a challenge when sourcing literature on the study. 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